Application of Strength Pareto Evolutionary Algorithm II in Multi-Objective Water Supply Optimization Model Design for Mountainous Complex Terrain

Water distribution networks (WDN) model optimization is an important part of smart water systems to achieve optimal strategies. WDN focuses on the nonlinearity discharge head loss equation, availability discrete properties pipe sizes, and conservation constraints. Multi-objective evolutionary algorithms (MOEAs) have been proposed successfully applied in field design optimization. Previous studies focused comparing effects networks, ignoring problems unbalanced pressure hammer at nodes network caused by complex terrain mountainous areas. In this paper, a multi-objective supply that integrated cost, reliability, quality was established for real engineering. The method traversing solve age introduced find more scientific practical solution model, with setting weight function evaluate comprehensively. Strength Pareto Evolutionary Algorithm II (SPEA-II) Non-dominated Sorting Genetic (NSGA-II) were adopted optimize terrain. significance levels number solutions (NOPS) running time are 0.029 0.001, respectively, indicating two significant differences. Compared NSGA-II, SPEA-II has better convergence rate design. set concentrated than also numerical value better. schemes larger scheme effective. Among them, can obtain desirable results reliability index (RI) age. summary, study provides valuable information decision makers